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Have you noticed that now more and more of our lighting is using led lighting.What is LED? Compared to the traditional light bulbs, LEDs have lower power consumption, longer lifetime and higher energy efficiency. In the PCB industry,when we say LED PCB, it refers to the pcb used for LED lighting, if you are looking for a suitable LED PCB for your lighting system, this article may bring you something. WHAT ARE LEDS COMPOSED OF?LED is an initial light-emitting diode that produces light when an electric current passes through. LEDs typically have negative and positive electrodes, which generate light in the visible light region.The LEDS are glued to the PCB by soldering process and have electrical connections for lighting.Since light-emitting diodes dissipate a lot of heat when they are in use, when you are designing LED, the metal core is usually the best choice for LED PCB, it is because that it dissipates heat more faster. Among them, the metal material aluminum is the most widely used
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1. Capacitors generally use "C" and numbers in the circuit (such as a capacitor with a number 13 in C13). The capacitor is two pieces of gold Components composed of the membrane are tight and are separated by insulating materials in the middle. The characteristics of capacitors are mainly DC communication. The size of the capacitor capacity is to indicate the size of the energy storage. The obstacle of the capacitor to the communication signal is called the capacity of the capacity. The frequency of flow signal is related to electricity capacity. Rong resistance XC = 1/2πf C (f represents the frequency of the communication signal, C represents the capacitor capacity) The types of capacitors commonly used in the telephone are electrolytic capacitors, porcelain capacitors, patch capacitors, monopolic capacitors, 钽 capacitors and polyester capacitors wait. 2. Recognition method: The recognition method of capacitors is basically the same as the recognition method of resistance, a
The resistance is represented by "R" in the circuit, such as: R1 represents a resistance number 1. The main role of resistance in the circuit is Diversion, current limit, pressure, bias, etc. 1. Parameter recognition: The unit of the resistance is Om (ω), the multiplier unit is: thousands of Euros (KΩ), Mago (MΩ), etc. Convert The method is: 1 trillion Euros = 1000,000 Euros = 1000000 Euros There are three types of parameter marking methods of the resistance, namely the direct marking method, the color standard method and the number of the number. A. The number of bidding methods is mainly used for small -volume circuits such as patch, such as: 472 represents 47 × 100Ω (ie 4.7K); 104 means 100K B. The color ring labeling method is used most most. Four -color ring resistance five -color ring resistance (precision resistance) 2. The relationship between the position and magnification of the resistance of the resistor is shown in the table below: Color valid digital multiplier
Base / thickness: FR-4 / 1.2mm Size: 140mm*159mm Minimum line width / line distance: 6mil / 6mil Minimum Pores: 0.4mm Surface treatment: Electro -plated File format: Gerber Category: Computer; Four Floor Base / thickness: FR-4 / 1.6mm Size: 294mm*200mm Minimum line width / line distance: 5mil / 5mil Minimum Pores: 0.3mm Surface treatment: tin spray (hot wind flat)
Generally speaking, the four -layer circuit board can be divided into top, bottom, and two middle layers. On the top and the bottom layer, the middle layer first uses Add Plane to add internal Plane1 and Internet Plane2 to the most power layer such as VCC and stratum (that is, the corresponding network labels are connected to the corresponding network label with ADD Plane Do not use Add Layer, this will increase the Midplayer, which is mainly used as a multi -layer signal line placement), so that Plnne1 and Plane2 are two layers of copper leather connected to the power VCC and ground GND. If there are multiple power supplies such as VCC2 or strata such as GND2, first use a thick wire or fill the Fill in Plane1 or Plane2 (at this time the bronze skin corresponding to the corresponding copper or the corresponding of Fill does not exist. You can clearly see the wire or obviously see the wire or you can clearly see the wire or the light or the light or Fill) The rough area of the power
Analysis of tin and sulfuric acid before work. Each 100m2 plate is required to add 11L sulfuric acid, 600 g Tin Salt 235, 600 mlsulfotech part A, 800 ml Sulfotech Part B, 750ml STH Additive Sulfolyt. Automatically add 56ml Sulfotech Part A at 200AH. The solution must be conducted every week to observe and adjust the Sulfotech Part A, Sulfotech Part B. The best value of the project SN2+ 20-30 ml/L 24ml/L W (H2SO4) is 98% 160-185ml/L 175ml/L/L Sulfotech Part A) 30-60ml/L 40ml/L) STH (STH Additive Sulfolyt) 30-80ml/L 40ml/L Sulfotech Part B) 15-25ml/L 20ml/L Operating temperature 18-25 ° C 22 ° C Cathode current density 1.3-2.asd 1.7asd [2]
1 process process The printed board of the graphic plate → acid oil removal → scanning water washing → secondary countercurrent water washing → micro -erosion → scanning water washing → secondary countercurrent water washing → copper plating pre -immersing → copper plating → scanning water washing → pre -immersion of tin plating → Tin -plated → III countercurrent water washing → lower panel 2 Detailed process process 2.1 Tin -plated pre -immersion 2.1.1 Composition and operating conditions of tin -plated pre -immersion fluid 2.1.2 The cylinder method of pre -immersing tin -plated groove Add half -cylinder distilled water first, then slowly immerse the 15L mass score of 98%, stir and cool down, add 1.5L Sulfotech Part A, stir well, add distilled water to 300L and stir well to use it. 2.1.3 The maintenance and control of tin -plated pre -immersed groove liquid Each treatment of 100m2 plates requires 1L sulfuric acid and 100mlsulfotech part A. Whenever the slot is treated with
High -speed PCB design rules are usually divided into two types: physical rules and electrical rules. The so -called physical rules refer to some design rules based on physical dimensions. For example, the line width is 4mi1, the distance between the line is 4mi1, and the length of the parallel wiring is 4mi1. The electrical rule refers to the design rules related to electrical characteristics or electrical performance, such as wiring delay control between INS and 2NS, and the total amount of stringing on a certain PCB line is less than 70mV. Define the physical rules and electrical rules to further explore high -speed wiring. High -speed wirms based on physical rules (physical rules) include AutoActive RENers, CCT wiring, B1AZEROUTER wiring, and Router Editor wiring. In fact, these wiringers are automatic wiring drivers of physical rules, which is It is said that these roders can only automatically meet the requirements of the physical dimensions specified by the design engineer,
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