You cannot diagnose ENIG black pad from pad color alone. The term describes localized corrosion of the nickel-phosphorus layer during immersion gold plating. The condition may become visible only at...
Single-sided and double-sided PCBs differ first in how many copper faces carry circuit patterns. A single-sided board places its conductive pattern on one face of the laminate. A double-sided board ...
Before labeling a dark area in a plated through-hole cross-section "poor plating," locate it. A gap halfway down the barrel calls for different checks from one at an inner-layer junction or near the...
A drawing that says only "gold finish" leaves the fabricator with a choice the buyer may not have intended. ENIG has nickel and immersion gold over the copper pad. ENEPIG adds palladium between them...
